电池法规 (EU) 2023/1542 第77、78条及附件VI、XIII：电池护照与数据要求

=== Article 77 === Article 77 Battery passport 1. From 18 February 2027 each LMT battery, each industrial battery with a capacity greater than 2 kWh and each electric vehicle battery placed on the market or put into service shall have an electronic record (‘battery passport’). 2. The battery passport shall contain information relating to the battery model and information specific to the individual battery, including resulting from the use of that battery, as set out in Annex XIII. The information in the battery passport shall comprise: (a) information accessible to the general public in accordance with point 1 of Annex XIII; (b) information accessible only to notified bodies, market surveillance authorities and the Commission in accordance with points 2 and 3 of Annex XIII; and (c) information accessible only to any natural or legal person with a legitimate interest in accessing and processing that information for the purposes referred to in points (a) and (b) of the third subparagraph in accordance with points 2 and 4 of Annex XIII. The purposes for accessing and processing the information as referred to in point (c) of the second subparagraph, shall: (a) concern dismantling of the battery, including safety measures to be taken during the dismantling, and the detailed composition of the battery model and be essential to allow repairers, remanufacturers, second-life operators and recyclers to conduct their respective economic activities in accordance with this Regulation; or (b) in the case of individual batteries, be essential to the purchaser of the battery or parties acting on the purchaser’s behalf, for the purpose of making the individual battery available to independent energy aggregators or energy market participants. The information referred to in the second subparagraph shall be included in the battery passport to the extent applicable to the category or sub-category of battery concerned. The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 89 to amend Annex XIII as regards the information to be included in the battery passport in view of technical and scientific progress. 3. The battery passport shall be accessible through the QR code referred to in Article 13(6) which links to a unique identifier that the economic operator placing the battery on the market shall attribute to it. The QR code and the unique identifier shall comply with the ISO/IEC standards 15459-1:2014, 15459-2:2015, 15459-3:2014, 15459-4:2014, 15459-5:2014 and 15459-6:2014 or their equivalent. The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 89 to amend the second subparagraph of this paragraph in light of technical and scientific progress by replacing the standards referred to in that subparagraph or adding other European or international standards with which the QR code and the unique identifier shall comply. 4. The economic operator placing the battery on the market shall ensure that the information in the battery passport is accurate, complete and up to date. It may give written authorisation to any other operator to act on its behalf. 5. All information included in the battery passport shall be based on open standards and be in an interoperable format, transferable through an open interoperable data exchange network without vendor lock-in, machine-readable, structured and searchable, in accordance with the essential requirements laid down in Article 78. 6. The access to information included in the battery passport shall be regulated in accordance with the essential requirements laid down in Article 78. 7. For a battery that has been subject to preparation for re-use, preparation for repurposing, repurposing or remanufacturing, the responsibility for the fulfilment of the obligations under paragraph 4 of this Article shall be transferred to the economic operator that has placed that battery on the market or has put it into service. Such battery shall have a new battery passport linked to the battery passport or passports of the original battery or batteries. Where the status of a battery changes to that of a waste battery, the responsibility for the fulfilment of the obligations under paragraph 4 of this Article shall be transferred either to the producer or, where appointed in accordance with Article 57(1), the producer responsibility organisation, or the waste management operator selected in accordance with Article 57(8). 8. A battery passport shall cease to exist after the battery has been recycled. 9. By 18 August 2026, the Commission shall adopt implementing acts specifying which persons are to be considered persons with a legitimate interest as referred to in points 2 and 4 respectively of Annex XIII for the purposes of paragraph 2, point (c), of this Article and to which information listed in those points they shall have access, and to what extent they can download, share, publish and re-use that information. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 90(3). The criteria for specifying the persons referred to in paragraph 2, point (c), and for determining the extent to which they can download, share, publish and re-use the information referred to in points 2 and 4 of Annex XIII shall be the following: (a) the necessity of having such information in order to evaluate the status and residual value of the battery and its capability for further use; (b) the necessity of having such information for the purpose of preparation for re-use, preparation for repurposing, repurposing, remanufacturing or recycling of the battery, or for choosing between those operations; (c) the need to ensure that the accessing and processing of information in the battery passport that is commercially sensitive is limited to the minimum necessary in accordance with applicable Union law. === Article 78 === Article 78 Technical design and operation of the battery passport The technical design and operation of the battery passport shall comply with the following essential requirements: (a) the battery passport shall be fully interoperable with other digital product passports required by Union law concerning eco-design, in relation to the technical, semantic and organisational aspects of end-to-end communication and data transfer; (b) consumers, economic operators and other relevant actors shall have access to the battery passport free of charge and based on their respective access rights set out in Annex XIII and the implementing act adopted pursuant to Article 77(9); (c) the data included in the battery passport shall be stored by the economic operator responsible for the fulfilment of the obligations under Article 77(4) or (7), or by operators authorised to act on their behalf; (d) if the data included in the battery passport are stored or otherwise processed by operators authorised to act on behalf of the economic operator responsible for the fulfilment of the obligations under Article 77(4) or (7), those operators shall not be allowed to sell, re-use or process such data, in whole or in part, beyond what is necessary for the provision of the relevant storing or processing services; (e) the battery passport shall remain available after the economic operator responsible for the fulfilment of the obligations under Article 77(4) or (7) ceases to exist or ceases its activity in the Union; (f) the rights to access, introduce, modify or update information in the battery passport shall be restricted based on the access rights specified in Annex XIII and the implementing act adopted pursuant to Article 77(9); (g) data authentication, reliability and integrity shall be ensured; (h) the battery passport shall be such that a high level of security and privacy is ensured and fraud is avoided. === ANNEX VI === ANNEX VI LABELLING, MARKING AND INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS Part A: General information on batteries Information on the label of a battery shall comprise the following information regarding the battery: 1. information identifying the manufacturer in accordance with Article 38(7); 2. the battery category and information identifying the battery in accordance with Article 38(6); 3. the place of manufacture (geographical location of a battery manufacturing plant); 4. the date of manufacture (month and year); 5. the weight; 6. the capacity; 7. the chemistry; 8. the hazardous substances present in the battery, other than mercury, cadmium or lead; 9. usable extinguishing agent; 10. critical raw materials present in the battery in a concentration of more than 0,1 % weight by weight. Part B: Symbol for separate collection of batteries Part C: QR code The QR code shall be in high contrast to the background colour and of a size that is easily readable by a commonly available QR reader, such as those integrated in hand-held communication devices. === ANNEX XIII === ANNEX XIII INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN THE BATTERY PASSPORT 1. PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE INFORMATION RELATING TO THE BATTERY MODEL A battery passport shall include the following information relating to the battery model, which shall be accessible to the public: (a) the information specified in Part A of Annex VI; (b) the material composition of the battery, including its chemistry, hazardous substances present in the battery, other than mercury, cadmium or lead, and critical raw materials present in the battery; (c) the carbon footprint information referred to in Article 7(1) and (2); (d) information on responsible sourcing as indicated in the report on battery due diligence policy referred to in Article 52(3); (e) recycled content information as contained in the documentation referred to in Article 8(1); (f) the share of renewable content; (g) rated capacity (in Ah); (h) minimal, nominal and maximum voltage, with temperature ranges when relevant; (i) original power capability (in Watts) and limits, with temperature range when relevant; (j) expected battery lifetime expressed in cycles, and reference test used; (k) capacity threshold for exhaustion (only for electric vehicle batteries); (l) temperature range the battery can withstand when not in use (reference test); (m) period for which the commercial warranty for the calendar life applies; (n) initial round trip energy efficiency and at 50 % of cycle-life; (o) internal battery cell and pack resistance; (p) c-rate of relevant cycle-life test. (q) the marking requirements laid down in Article 13(3) and (4); (r) the EU declaration of conformity referred to in Article 18; (s) the information regarding the prevention and management of waste batteries laid down in Article 74(1), points (a) to (f). 2. INFORMATION RELATING TO THE BATTERY MODEL ACCESSIBLE ONLY TO PERSONS WITH A LEGITIMATE INTEREST AND THE COMMISSION A battery passport shall include the following information relating to the battery model, which shall be accessible only to persons with a legitimate interest and the Commission: (a) detailed composition, including materials used in the cathode, anode and electrolyte; (b) part numbers for components and contact details of sources for replacement spares; (c) dismantling information, including at least: — exploded diagrams of the battery system/pack showing the location of battery cells, — disassembly sequences, — type and number of fastening techniques to be unlocked, — tools required for disassembly, — warnings if risk of damaging parts exist, — amount of cells used and layout; (d) safety measures. 3. INFORMATION ACCESSIBLE ONLY TO NOTIFIED BODIES, MARKET SURVEILLANCE AUTHORITIES AND THE COMMISSION A battery passport shall include the following information relating to the battery model, which shall be accessible only to notified bodies, market surveillance authorities and the Commission: — results of test reports proving compliance with the requirements laid down in this Regulation or any delegated or implementing act adopted pursuant to this Regulation. 4. INFORMATION AND DATA RELATING TO AN INDIVIDUAL BATTERY ACCESSIBLE ONLY TO PERSONS WITH A LEGITIMATE INTEREST A battery passport shall include the following specific information and data relating to an individual battery, which shall be accessible only to persons with a legitimate interest: (a) the values for performance and durability parameters referred to in Article 10(1), when the battery is placed on the market and when it is subject to changes in its status; (b) information on the state of health of the battery pursuant to Article 14; (c) information on the status of the battery, defined as ‘original’, ‘repurposed’, ‘re-used’, ‘remanufactured’ or ‘waste’; (d) information and data resulting from its use, including the number of charging and discharging cycles and negative events, such as accidents, as well as periodically recorded information on the operating environmental conditions, including temperature, and on the state of charge.